Recent Progress towards the Electrosynthesis of Ammonia from Sustainable Resources
نویسندگان
چکیده
Ammonia (NH3) is a key commodity chemical of vital importance for fertilizers. It is made on an industrial scale via the Haber Bosch process, which requires significant infrastructure to be in place such that ammonia is generally made in large, centralized facilities. If ammonia could be produced under less demanding conditions, then there would be the potential for smaller devices to be used to generate ammonia in a decentralized manner for local consumption. Electrochemistry has been proposed as an enabling technology for this purpose as it is relatively simple to scale electrolytic devices to meet almost any level of demand. Moreover, it is possible to envisage electrosynthetic cells where water could be oxidized to produce protons and electrons at the anode which could then be used to reduce and protonate nitrogen to give ammonia at the cathode. If this nitrogen were sourced from the air, then the only required infrastructure for this process would be supplies of water, air and electricity, the latter of which could be provided by renewables. Hence an electrosynthetic cell for ammonia production could allow NH3 to be generated sustainably in small, low-cost devices requiring only minimal facilities. In this review, we describe recent progress towards such electrosynthetic ammonia production devices, summarizing also some of the seminal literature in the field. Comparison is made between the various different approaches that have been taken, and the key remaining challenges in the electrosynthesis of ammonia are highlighted.
منابع مشابه
Changes in the E-Banking Industry: A Step towards Sustainable Development
Sustainable development is the result of fundamental changes in social, economic and cultural elements which will guide itself through cyberspace So that tomorrow man will direct most of his social and economic activities through cyberspace using human beings and there will be no need for people to be present in the field of economic and social interactions, among which banks have been in line ...
متن کاملZn-mediated electrochemical allylation of aldehydes in aqueous ammonia.
An efficient electrosynthesis of homoallylic alcohols from allylic bromides and aldehydes in aqueous ammonia is achieved in an undivided cell fitted with a pair of zinc electrodes.
متن کاملAgricultural Researchers' Attitudes toward Sustainable Agriculture and its Determinants in ILAM Province, Iran
The accurate planning and management for sustainable agriculture results in appropriate behaviors ofindividuals towards sustainability through changes happened in individuals’ knowledge and attitudesof sustainability. A survey of natural resources and agricultural researchers (N = 85) was conducted inIranian Province of ILAM to explore their attitudes of sustainable agriculture and to identify ...
متن کاملHaloculture: strategy for sustainable utilization of saline land and water resources
Abstract Land salinization is a major obstacle to the sustainable development of agriculture in arid regions. The demand for food, fiber, fuel and fresh water has increased in the recent decades, particularly in developing nations, due to alarming rise in population. As fresh water resources and productive lands for crop production are limited, new strategies for the sustainable utilization of ...
متن کامل